Here, we are going to discuss lung collapse regarding its aetiology, clinical picture, Differential diagnosis, diagnostic investigations and treatment . What are the causes of lung collapse ? Aetiology 1- Congenital It is due to decreased surfactant which is a lipoprotein secreted by the alveolar epithelium causing decrease of the surface tension of fluids lining the alveoli. Also, aspiration of amniotic fluid during labour ==> collapse . 2- Acquired How to diagnose lung collapse ? manifestations of lung collapse Symptoms • Manifestation of the cause • Dyspnea, cyanosis Signs • Inspection : retraction, diminished movement J,. • Palpation : - Low TVF , it becomes High if the underlying bronchus is patent. - mediastinal shift to the same side • Percussion : dullness • Auscultation : decreased intensity of breath sounds - bronchial breathing may be present if the underlying bronchus is patent. Differential diagnosis (D.D) of lung collapse 1- From other causes of syndrome of multiple -ve signs e.g effusion & fibrosis. 2- Consolidation 3- Acute dyspnea and post operative lung complications . Investigations 1- X-ray shows : - Overcrowded ribs - Raised copula - Mediastinal Shift - Collapsed lung ( Homogenous opacity, well defined border ) 2- Bronchoscopy to detect the cause as F.B. or secretions and also to remove them . Treatment of lung collapse Source : Lung collapse causes, manifestations, DDx, investigations and treatment
