الاسم:

التحقق:

ما هي عاصمة فلسطين المحتلة ؟

الرسالة:

<p>[QUOTE=&quot;هدى, post: 35302, member: 607&quot;]<p style="text-align: left">A change in the character of the regular cough of a smoker old male, particularly if it is associated with other new respiratory symptoms, should raise the possibility of </p><p>bronchogenic carcinoma<p style="text-align: left">.</p><p>I-Thoracic manifestations of Bronchogenic carcinoma</p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: left">A- Bronchopulmonary presentations:</p> <p style="text-align: left">1- </p><p>Asymptomatic<p style="text-align: left"> (detected accidentally by routine x-ray as coin shadow)</p> <p style="text-align: left">2- </p><p>Cough <p style="text-align: left">and </p><p>haemoptysis<p style="text-align: left"> :</p> <p style="text-align: left">&nbsp;Blood tinged sputum - Red current jelly&nbsp; i.e. sputum consist of&nbsp; Mucous, Tissue debris, RBCs</p> <p style="text-align: left"><br /></p> <p style="text-align: left">3- </p><p>Bronchial obstruction</p><p style="text-align: left">• Partial&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ==&gt; Emphysema , Bronchiectasis</p> <p style="text-align: left">• Complete ==&gt; Lung collapse</p> <p style="text-align: center">[ATTACH=full]103953[/ATTACH]</p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: left">4- </p><p>Pneumonia<p style="text-align: left"> usually recurrent at the same site, or is slow to respond to treatment.</p> <p style="text-align: left"><br /></p> <p style="text-align: left">5- Lung</p><p>abscess<p style="text-align: left"> (due to secondary infection)</p> <p style="text-align: left">6- </p><p>Thoracic inlet syndrome<p style="text-align: left"> may occur due to bronchial carcinoma in the apex of the lung (superior sulcus tumour) causing invasion of :</p> <p style="text-align: left">• Upper 3 ribs</p> <p style="text-align: left">• Sympathetic chain ===&gt; </p><p>Horner syndrome</p><p style="text-align: left">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - Ipsilateral partial ptosis.</p> <p style="text-align: left">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; - Ipsilateral enophthalmos and a small pupil</p> <p style="text-align: left">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; - Ipsilateral hypohidrosis of the face.</p> <p style="text-align: left">• SVC obstruction (congested non pulsating neck veins)</p> <p style="text-align: left">• Lower trunk of brachial plexus (Pancoast&#039;s syndrome) :</p> <p style="text-align: left">- Pain in shoulter and inner -&nbsp; Wasting of the smal1 muscles of the hand</p> <p style="text-align: left">• Subclavian artery ===&gt; unequal pulse volume in both upper limbs .</p> <p style="text-align: left"><br /></p> <p style="text-align: left">7- Cor pulmonale due to lymphangitis carcinomatosa.</p> <p style="text-align: left"><br /></p> <p style="text-align: left">B - Pleural presentations:</p> <p style="text-align: left"><br /></p> <p style="text-align: left">*</p><p>Effusion<p style="text-align: left"> :</p> <p style="text-align: left">• Malignant effusion (</p><p>Exudate<p style="text-align: left">) : Massive ,Hemorrhagic, Rapidly re-accumulating</p> <p style="text-align: left"><br /></p> <p style="text-align: left">• </p><p>Transudate<p style="text-align: left"> : due to obstruction of azygos vein .</p> <p style="text-align: left">• </p><p>Chylous<p style="text-align: left"> : due to obstruction of the thoracic duct .</p> <p style="text-align: left">• </p><p>Empyema<p style="text-align: left"> : due to rupture of malignant abscess into pleura .</p> <p style="text-align: left"><br /></p> <p style="text-align: left">* </p><p>Dry pleurisy<p style="text-align: left"> may occur</p> <p style="text-align: left"><br /></p> <p style="text-align: left">C - </p><p>Mediastinal presentations<p style="text-align: left">:</p> <p style="text-align: left">Mediastinal spread may result in dysphagia .</p> <p style="text-align: left"><br /></p> <p style="text-align: left">• Hypercalcemia is usually caused by squamous cell carcinoma.</p> <p style="text-align: left">• Syndrome of inappropriate ADH and ectopic ACTH seretion are usually associated with small cell carcinoma.</p> <p style="text-align: left">• Clubbing most often with non small cell carcinoma.</p> <p style="text-align: left">• Gynecomastia is usually with large cell carcinoma.</p> <p style="text-align: left">• Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy is usually with adenocarcinoma.</p> <p style="text-align: left">• Neurological syndromes may occur with any type of bronchial carcinoma.</p><p>II- Extra-thoracic manifestations of Bronchogenic carcinoma : </p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: center"><br /></p> <p style="text-align: center"><br /></p><p>[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

إسمك أو بريدك الإلكتروني:

هل يوجد لديك حساب معنا ؟

• لا، أرغب بإنشاء حساب جديد الآن.
• نعم، كلمة مروري هي:
• نسيت كلمة المرور؟

البقاء متصلاً