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<p>[QUOTE="kinghamada, post: 52707"]<p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">A change in the character of the regular cough of a smoker old male, particularly if it is associated with other new respiratory symptoms, should raise the possibility of </font></span></p><p><a href="http://www.med4al.com/2025/07/bronchogenic-carcinoma-causes-pathology.html" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.med4al.com/2025/07/bronchogenic-carcinoma-causes-pathology.html" rel="nofollow">bronchogenic carcinoma</a><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">.</font></span></p><p><b>I-Thoracic manifestations of Bronchogenic carcinoma</b></p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">A- </font></span><span style="color: blue"><font face="Times New Roman"><b>Bronchopulmonary presentations</b></font></span><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">:</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">1- </font></span></p><p><b>Asymptomatic</b><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman"> (detected accidentally by routine x-ray as coin shadow)</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">2- </font></span></p><p><b>Cough </b><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">and </font></span></p><p><b>haemoptysis</b><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman"> :</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman"> Blood tinged sputum - Red current jelly i.e. sputum consist of Mucous, Tissue debris, RBCs</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><br /></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">3- </font></span></p><p><b>Bronchial obstruction</b></p><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">• Partial ==> Emphysema , Bronchiectasis</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">• Complete ==> Lung collapse</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: center"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">[ATTACH=full]125126[/ATTACH]</font></span></p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">4- </font></span></p><p><b>Pneumonia</b><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman"> usually recurrent at the same site, or is slow to respond to treatment.</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><br /></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">5- Lung</font></span></p><p><b> abscess</b><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman"> (due to secondary infection)</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">6- </font></span></p><p><b>Thoracic inlet syndrome</b><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman"> may occur due to bronchial carcinoma in the apex of the lung (superior sulcus tumour) causing invasion of :</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">• Upper 3 ribs</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">• Sympathetic chain ===> </font></span></p><p><b>Horner syndrome</b></p><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman"> - Ipsilateral partial ptosis.</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman"> - Ipsilateral enophthalmos and a small pupil</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman"> - Ipsilateral hypohidrosis of the face.</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">• SVC obstruction (congested non pulsating neck veins)</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">• Lower trunk of brachial plexus (Pancoast's syndrome) :</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">- Pain in shoulter and inner - Wasting of the smal1 muscles of the hand</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">• Subclavian artery ===> unequal pulse volume in both upper limbs .</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><br /></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">7- Cor pulmonale due to lymphangitis carcinomatosa.</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><br /></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">B -</font></span><span style="color: blue"><font face="Times New Roman"><b> Pleural presentations:</b></font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><br /></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">*</font></span></p><p><b><u> Effusion</u></b><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman"> :</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">• Malignant effusion (</font></span></p><p><b>Exudate</b><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">) : Massive ,Hemorrhagic, Rapidly re-accumulating</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><br /></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">• </font></span></p><p><b>Transudate</b><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman"> : due to obstruction of azygos vein .</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">• </font></span></p><p><b>Chylous</b><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman"> : due to obstruction of the thoracic duct .</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">• </font></span></p><p><b>Empyema</b><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman"> : due to rupture of malignant abscess into pleura .</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><br /></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">* </font></span></p><p><b>Dry pleurisy</b><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman"> may occur</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><br /></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">C - </font></span></p><p><b><span style="color: blue">Mediastinal presentations</span></b><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">:</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">Mediastinal spread may result in dysphagia .</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><br /></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">• Hypercalcemia is usually caused by squamous cell carcinoma.</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">• Syndrome of inappropriate ADH and ectopic ACTH seretion are usually associated with small cell carcinoma.</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">• Clubbing most often with non small cell carcinoma.</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">• Gynecomastia is usually with large cell carcinoma.</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">• Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy is usually with adenocarcinoma.</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">• Neurological syndromes may occur with any type of bronchial carcinoma.</font></span></p><p><b>II- Extra-thoracic manifestations of Bronchogenic carcinoma : </b></p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: center"><a href="http://www.med4al.com/2025/07/manifestations-bronchogenic.html" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.med4al.com/2025/07/manifestations-bronchogenic.html" rel="nofollow"><font size="5"><font size="6"><span style="color: Red">Source</span></font> : Manifestations of Bronchogenic carcinoma</font></a></p> <p style="text-align: center"><br /></p><p>[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="kinghamada, post: 52707"][LEFT][COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]A change in the character of the regular cough of a smoker old male, particularly if it is associated with other new respiratory symptoms, should raise the possibility of [/FONT][/COLOR][/LEFT] [URL="http://www.med4al.com/2025/07/bronchogenic-carcinoma-causes-pathology.html"]bronchogenic carcinoma[/URL][LEFT][COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman].[/FONT][/COLOR][/LEFT] [B]I-Thoracic manifestations of Bronchogenic carcinoma[/B] [LEFT][COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]A- [/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=blue][FONT=Times New Roman][B]Bronchopulmonary presentations[/B][/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]:[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]1- [/FONT][/COLOR][/LEFT] [B]Asymptomatic[/B][LEFT][COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman] (detected accidentally by routine x-ray as coin shadow)[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]2- [/FONT][/COLOR][/LEFT] [B]Cough [/B][LEFT][COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]and [/FONT][/COLOR][/LEFT] [B]haemoptysis[/B][LEFT][COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman] :[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman] Blood tinged sputum - Red current jelly i.e. sputum consist of Mucous, Tissue debris, RBCs[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]3- [/FONT][/COLOR][/LEFT] [B]Bronchial obstruction[/B] [LEFT][COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]• Partial ==> Emphysema , Bronchiectasis[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]• Complete ==> Lung collapse[/FONT][/COLOR][/LEFT] [CENTER][COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman][ATTACH=full]125126[/ATTACH][/FONT][/COLOR][/CENTER] [LEFT][COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]4- [/FONT][/COLOR][/LEFT] [B]Pneumonia[/B][LEFT][COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman] usually recurrent at the same site, or is slow to respond to treatment.[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]5- Lung[/FONT][/COLOR][/LEFT] [B] abscess[/B][LEFT][COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman] (due to secondary infection)[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]6- [/FONT][/COLOR][/LEFT] [B]Thoracic inlet syndrome[/B][LEFT][COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman] may occur due to bronchial carcinoma in the apex of the lung (superior sulcus tumour) causing invasion of :[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]• Upper 3 ribs[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]• Sympathetic chain ===> [/FONT][/COLOR][/LEFT] [B]Horner syndrome[/B] [LEFT][COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman] - Ipsilateral partial ptosis.[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman] - Ipsilateral enophthalmos and a small pupil[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman] - Ipsilateral hypohidrosis of the face.[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]• SVC obstruction (congested non pulsating neck veins)[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]• Lower trunk of brachial plexus (Pancoast's syndrome) :[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]- Pain in shoulter and inner - Wasting of the smal1 muscles of the hand[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]• Subclavian artery ===> unequal pulse volume in both upper limbs .[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]7- Cor pulmonale due to lymphangitis carcinomatosa.[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]B -[/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=blue][FONT=Times New Roman][B] Pleural presentations:[/B][/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]*[/FONT][/COLOR][/LEFT] [B][U] Effusion[/U][/B][LEFT][COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman] :[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]• Malignant effusion ([/FONT][/COLOR][/LEFT] [B]Exudate[/B][LEFT][COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]) : Massive ,Hemorrhagic, Rapidly re-accumulating[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]• [/FONT][/COLOR][/LEFT] [B]Transudate[/B][LEFT][COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman] : due to obstruction of azygos vein .[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]• [/FONT][/COLOR][/LEFT] [B]Chylous[/B][LEFT][COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman] : due to obstruction of the thoracic duct .[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]• [/FONT][/COLOR][/LEFT] [B]Empyema[/B][LEFT][COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman] : due to rupture of malignant abscess into pleura .[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]* [/FONT][/COLOR][/LEFT] [B]Dry pleurisy[/B][LEFT][COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman] may occur[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]C - [/FONT][/COLOR][/LEFT] [B][COLOR=blue]Mediastinal presentations[/COLOR][/B][LEFT][COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]:[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]Mediastinal spread may result in dysphagia .[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]• Hypercalcemia is usually caused by squamous cell carcinoma.[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]• Syndrome of inappropriate ADH and ectopic ACTH seretion are usually associated with small cell carcinoma.[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]• Clubbing most often with non small cell carcinoma.[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]• Gynecomastia is usually with large cell carcinoma.[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]• Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy is usually with adenocarcinoma.[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=#000000][FONT=Times New Roman]• Neurological syndromes may occur with any type of bronchial carcinoma.[/FONT][/COLOR][/LEFT] [B]II- Extra-thoracic manifestations of Bronchogenic carcinoma : [/B] [CENTER][URL="http://www.med4al.com/2025/07/manifestations-bronchogenic.html"][SIZE=5][SIZE=6][COLOR=Red]Source[/COLOR][/SIZE] : Manifestations of Bronchogenic carcinoma[/SIZE][/URL] [/CENTER][/QUOTE]
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