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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;kinghamada, post: 53698&quot;]<p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">This is an approach to Pulmonary Tuberculosis (T.B) , regarding its definition, causative organism, risk factors, people at risk and pathological types .</font></span></p><p><b>What is Pulmonary Tuberculosis ?</b></p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">Pulmonary tuberculosis is a chronic communicable disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis characterized by a necrotizing (caseating) granuloma as a tissue response to seeded organisms.</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">What is the causative organism in Pulmonary T.B?</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">Mycobacterium tuberculosis .</font></span></p><p><b>Types of mycobacteria</b></p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">1- </font></span></p><p><b>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</b><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">, it causes most of cases of tuberculosis.</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">2- </font></span></p><p><b>Mycobacterium bovis</b><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman"> is endemic in cattle and spread to man through infected milk causing gastrointestinal tuberculosis.</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">3- </font></span></p><p><b>Atypical mycobacterium</b><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman"> (non tuberculous mycobacteria).</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">It leads to </font></span></p><p><u>+ve tuberculin test</u><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">.</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">It is common in immunopomromised patients, causing disseminated infection syndromes rather than tuberculosis in such patients.</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">ex. * M. Marinum * M. Kansasii</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; * M. Avium (important cause of pulmonary infection in patients with HIV).</font></span></p><p><b>Who are the people at risk for Pulmonary Tuberculosis ?</b></p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">• Those at high risk of acquiring T.B .</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">* Children * Contacts * Patients with silicosis</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">* Immunocompromised patients</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">* Living in overcrowding with poor housing</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">• Entry of the organism through respiratory tract through inhalation of infected droplets produced by the coughing or sneezing of infected individuals.</font></span></p><p><b>After entry into the lungs, tubercle bacilli are ingested by macrophages and transported to regional lymph nodes, then it may disseminate widely</b><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">.</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #660000"><font face="Times New Roman"><b>Pathology of T.B</b></font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">• The reaction of the body towards tubercle bacilli depends on the individual&#039;s hypensensitivty, resistance and whether those bacilli are first seen by the body or it is the second exposure so if :</font></span></p> <p style="text-align: center"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman">[ATTACH=full]126227[/ATTACH]</font></span></p><p><br /></p><p><b>Factors increasing the risk of tuberculosis:</b></p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: left"><p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: #000000"><font face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><span style="color: Red"><b>Read more at</b></span></font> : <a href="http://www.med4al.com/2025/07/tuberculosis-causes-risk-pathology.html" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.med4al.com/2025/07/tuberculosis-causes-risk-pathology.html" rel="nofollow"><u><font size="5"><b>Pulmonary Tuberculosis def., causes, risks, pathology, types</b></font></u></a></font></span></p> <p style="text-align: left"><br /></p> </p><p>[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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